FOR many Arab Israelis, the fact that a young Muslim woman could willingly accept to perform national service at a hospital in the northern city of Haifa is nothing less than a betrayal. But for 19-year-old 'Nadine', taking part in the country's civil service program — an alternative to serving in the army — not only provides a salary but could "open many doors" in the future.

With the Jewish state poised to overhaul its draft law, Israel's Arab minority is mustering its forces to fight against plans to compel them, and the ultra-Orthodox community, to serve either in the military or perform some form of national service. Until now, both sectors have largely been exempt.

With the current law governing conscription due to expire, the government has so far failed to agree on the wording of new legislation which has caused sharp disputes within Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's ruling coalition.

For Nadine, who declines to give her real name for fear of repercussions, the motivation is financial incentive now and employment possibilities later. "It will open many doors to me in the future when I look for a job," she told AFP.

Earning 850 shekels ($ 210/170 euros) a month for working seven hours a day, six days a week, Nadine will also get a lump sum of around 14,000 shekels ($ 3,460/2,800 euros) when she finishes her two years of service, as well as a certificate from the Defense Ministry.

"I think doing civil service will help me in the future, and at the end of the day, I am serving my country," says the teenager, who also has a brother serving in the Israeli Army.

A 20-year-old woman in the same program at the neurosurgical department at Rambam hospital says that despite the criticism, she loves her job.

But when the parliament reconvenes in October after its summer break, attempts to revise the law to include Arabs and the ultra-Orthodox, are likely to begin again in earnest.

"We are citizens of one state, and must all share the burden of its service," Netanyahu said, defending the need to update the law.

"Which burden does the state want us to share? The burden of occupation? The burden of the ethnic state — or the capitalist state?" wonders lawyer Ayman Odeh, who heads the Arab Coalition against National Service.

"Am I partner in determining the burden? Or does the State of Israel determine that, and the Arab must serve? We are banned from determining 'the burden' and I'm required only to serve the state and the mentality that excludes Arabs," he charged.

For Nadim Nashef, director of the Haifa-based Arab youth organisation Baldna, there are many reasons for refusing civil service -- the first of which is the link between national service and Israel's "security establishment."

Since 2007, Baldna has been running a campaign to fight against compulsory civil service among Arab youth.

"Whoever finishes civil service signs a paper indicating that in the case of a war, he will join the Israeli Home Front which is part of the Israeli army," Nashef explains.
"We also refuse it based on the link between rights and duties," he adds. "The state is here to serve its citizen and not vice versa. Rights are non-negotiable."

Arab Israelis make up more than a fifth of the Israeli population, numbering around 1.3 million people. They are the descendants of Palestinians who remained in the Jewish state after the 1948 war that followed its creation. Nashef says that compelling them to serve the Jewish state also raises other weighty issues. "It also threatens our Palestinian identity," he says.