Iran is a very urbanised society with a largely educated, young Muslim population that ranks as the Middle East’s second-biggest, its latest census figures, published yesterday, show.

The snapshot, issued on the website of the presidency’s planning and strategic supervision department, also corrected some misconceptions about the country, notably by reporting fewer than expected Jews and Internet users.

The census, whose data was collected in 2011 and presented in resume last week by the department’s officials, gave Iran’s total population as 75.2mn, 99.4% of whom are Muslim.

That was larger than any other country in the region except for Egypt (81mn, according to the World Bank).

Iranians accounted for 73.5mn of the total, with 1.5mn Afghans making up the biggest minority living in the country. Other minorities included Iraqis (51,500), Pakistanis (17,700) and Turks (1,600).

An overwhelming proportion of the population - 71% - lived in urban areas, and Tehran and its satellite towns were home to 12.2mn inhabitants.

The literacy rate for those aged between 10 and 49 was 93%.

Most of the population is young, with 55% aged under 30.

The proportion of young Iranians used to be even higher, but a rapidly slowing birth rate - an average 1.29 children per couple, compared to 1.62 in the last census in 2006 - has resulted in a decrease in recent years.

The supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has recently sought to reverse a previous policy favouring birth control in a bid to boost the population to between 150mn and 200mn.

There are 8,756 Jews in the country, according to the census. That was fewer than the 20,000 figure previously estimated.

There are also 117,704 Christians, the census said, as well as 25,271 Zoroastrians, and 49,101 listed as “other”. A total 265,899 people did not give a religion.

Education is an important value in Iran, as seen by a big jump in the number of people pursuing higher studies at university or in religious institutions (10.5mn, up from 6.9mn in 2006).

Men and women are split almost equally 50-50 in this category.

Iran has the biggest group of Internet users in the Middle East—although the figure of 11.2mn declaring themselves connected was far smaller than the estimate of 36mn advanced by the telecommunications ministry.